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[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 21.Kotake S, Yago T, Kawamoto M, Nanke Y
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodiumglucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) both provide cardiovascular benefit, although their clinical profiles differ as SGLT2 inhibitors have shown greater reductions in HF hospitalization, whereas GLP-1 receptor agonists appear particularly effective in reducing atherosclerotic events such as stroke [5, 6]
Among these, the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-III) complex, comprising Vps34, Beclin-1, Vps15 and Atg14, is responsible for generating phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) (Klionsky et al., 2021)
The effects of the leptin-GLP-1 interaction may be governed by intracellular signaling pathways, including those involving phosphorylated STAT3 and PTP1B.15,392 In Wistar rats, a diet high in fat was found to lead to a decrease in the ratio of OPG/RANKL, which resulted in increased bone resorption and ultimately a reduction in bone mass